NUEVA ESPARTA  State

Geopolitical division 
Margarita County was erected in 1525. It is the oldest in the counties that you/they formed 
the General Captaincy of Venezuela. In 1821 it formed the Department of the Orinoco. In 1863 it happened 
to be a state of the Federation. In 1864 it is declared independent and it forms the States 
Together of Venezuela. In 1881 it integrates the state White Guzmán. In 1898 she/he disintegrates, 
being Aragua-Margarita sections transformed into a single entity. In 1899 it arises 
the state Margarita, which recaptures the name of New Esparta in 1901. In 1909 the one is believed 
New state Esparta. Cubagua passed to be part of this starting from 1948. The entity you 
it divides in eleven municipalities and eleven parishes. 

MAP VIAL 
The main terrestrial roads are the local one 5 that it crosses the island from this to west; the local 4 and 1 
that they cross the oriental sector of north to south; and the 11 that she/he goes from Tip of Stones to the 
local 5. it Has a ferry service that communicates it with mainland. 
The most important populations are: Mouth of River, Juangriego, Pampatar, Paraguachí and 
Porlamar. 

Basic DATA 
Capital 
The Asunción 
Location 
Insular region 
Limits 
North, South, This and West: Caribbean Sea 
Surface 
1 150 km2 
Percentage of the national territory 
0,13%. it is the veintitresava entity with bigger surface of the country. 

TOURISM 
It has three natural monuments: Hill Braggart-Guayamurí, between The Asunción and the 
oriental coast. 
Lagoon of The Marites, in the south of the island. And María Guevara's Teats, in the oriental sector 
coastal. In The Asunción she/he is the Bridge of Stones or Colonial Bridge, the Cathedral of 
Our Mrs. of The Asunción -the first one that rose in the country -, the Castle Santa Rosa and 
Beach Guacuco. In Juangriego it is the Cave The Stones, the Ruins of the Outpost of The Galley 
and the beaches: Juangriego, Caribbean, Rasher, Fishing, Old Port, Puerto Cruz, The Beach and Pedro 
González. In Macanao and Mouth of the River is the Cluster San Francisco, with walks to horse and 
you dilute thermal. Pampatar, with The Headland, the Jester's Caves, the Park of attractions Island 
Magic and the Castle of San Carlos of Borromeo. In Porlamar she/he is the church of San 
Nicolás of Bari, the Museum of Contemporary Art Francisco Narváez and the sanctuary of the 
Virgin of the Valley. In The Tyrant it is Beach The Water, Tree and The Tyrant. In Tip of Stones 
the Museo Oceanográfico and Beach The Yaque. In Cubagua they are the ruins of the city of New 
Cádiz, first town of Venezuela and South America. 

Geography 
Geology 
It is a continuation of the Mountainous System of the Caribbean, separated from the continental coast for the 
Depression of From Rio de Janeiro, characterized by vulcanismo events, sedimentation, deposition and 
rising. The litología is represented by the igneous-metamorphic formations of the era 
mesozoica, basement of María Guevara's mountainous groups of the solid ones and of 
Orinoco. The tertiary formations are the basement of the hills of Pampatar, the biggest 
it leaves of the coastal plane as well as some areas of the peninsula of Macanao. The formations 
quaternary of the pleistoceno and holoceno, they are evidenced in the lowest marine terraces, 
formed for alluvial, calcareous coast and alluvial, gritty terraces and deposits 
lagunares. 

Relief 
Margarita is conformed by two big blocks, united by a narrow isthmus of little 
elevation “Isthmus of The Restinga”. The western sector, peninsula of Macanao, presents a 
solid lengthened, from the hill Macanao until the hill Guarataro. The oriental sector presents 
in the mountainous solid part center-north three; she/he has as features topographical resaltantes 
the hills Copey (900 m), The Watch, Braggart and Guayamurí. The solid oriental south has 
a topography of low relief, except for the elevations located to the north of Tip 
Ram and in María Guevara's Teats. 
The island of Car is in plane general, with some low hills. Cubagua is the smallest 
and their relief is plane. 

Climate 
According to the climatic classification of Köeppen their climate is of steppe (Bs). it Presents two periods 
rainy and two dry, oscillating the annual half pluviosidad between 300 and 900 mm. The distribution 
of the rainy periods it allows to differentiate two areas: the solid one mountainous oriental, where the 
rainy station corresponds to the trimester 
November-December-January. 
The rest of the island, where the main rainy station corresponds a period June-August. The 
annual half temperature is characterized by the presence of two maxima (May and September), 
and two minima (January and December), with an annual half temperature that it oscillates between 27 and 28 º 
C. 

Hydrography 
The rivers remain dry most of the year and torrential for short periods. Those 
few rains make that the resources hídricos is scarce. The main rivers are: The Muco, 
Chaguaramal, The Valley, The Asunción, The Old, Black, San Francisco, San Juan and Tacarigua. 
The lagoons: The Restinga, The Marites and The Martyrs. 

Vegetation 
Except for some very reduced areas covered by a dense forest, the vegetation 
it lacks commercial value. In New Esparta the lands with high agricultural potential are very 
scarce. In forest resources they highlight: araguaney, cardón, cují yaque, guayacán, jobo and 
she/he will see. 

Fauna 
Among the mammals they highlight: cunaguaro, mapurite, weasel, deer caramerudo, rabbit 
sabanero, cachicamo, squirrel and monkey. The partridge is the most common bird. Among the reptiles: iguana 
and morrocoy montañero. The ophidian ones: bell, mount mapanare and tragavenado. Of those 
amphibians the toad is the most excellent. The state, for its archipelago condition, counts with 
a great variety of marine species, as: sardines, jurel, carite, anchovy, flat, pargo, mere, 
cazón, lobster, crab, oyster, guacuco, chipichipi, mussel, octopus and squid. 

Mineral resources 
The islands that conform the entity don't have hydrocarbons neither of hydroelectric potential. 
The terrestrial mineral resources are limited to non metallic minerals as: it burdens, sand, 
limestone and stone. 


Population 
The state has a population of 263 748 hab, as it reports the XII General Census of 
Population and Housing 1990. This development places it in the twentieth first place with concerning 
to the national total; being their considered density of 244,15 hab/km2, one of the highest of the one 
country. The populational growth experienced a constant ascent from the decade of the 40. 
The application of the ordinances of Frank Area and Free Port in 1971 they helped to the growth 
populational. The immigration rate makes that that of growth of New Esparta is one of 
the highest. In populational importance the municipalities with more number of inhabitants are: 
Mariño (23,78%), García (12,65%) and Díaz (9,53%). 

NATIONAL PARKS 
It has two national parks: Hill Copey, in the part oriental center of the island of 
Margarita, with a surface of 7 130 has. And Lagoon of The Restinga, in the north-central sector 
that it unites the oriental part of the island with the peninsula of Macanao. Their surface is of 18 862 there is. 

Economic ACTIVITY 
The economic base is based in the tourism, the trade and the industry; activities 
motive that have induced the growth of other, as the construction and the transport. The 
primary sector has little significance, its weakness it is a logical reflection of the limitations that 
it imposes the environment, the shortage of natural resources, in the case of the works 
agricultural, as well as the exploitation of minerals and the lack of stimuli, in the case of the fishing. 
In spite of this New Esparta is the third supplier of fish of Venezuela. Also it is 
the third entity producer of eggplant of the country. Cultivations of corn also exist, melon, 
paprika and tomato. 

TRADITIONS 
New Esparta is full with traditions. Among their typical manifestations they highlight those 
Oriental amusements, festivities that share with other towns of the Venezuelan east and 
that they are carried out between December and February. It possesses theater elements, song and it dances. In the 
previous stage to the celebration the arguments, parliaments, letters and music of the are elaborated 
procession that will be presented. Also they are carried out the rehearsals and it is designed and it makes the 
the participants' dress. A central character suffers the pursuit amid situations 
full with drama and arisen humor of the popular imagination. 
Cestería structures, wire and wood, they are policromadas with paintings or papers of 
diverse quality and color to build the figure of a fish, rooster, reptile, insect, boat or 
any other possibility that allows to execute the representation. In the signal date, the one 
group comes out to travel the streets with a station in front of the temple. The musicians aim the one 
script with chords of four, guitar, bandolín, maracas and tambora.