INDEX of GEOPOLITICAL AND GENERAL INFORMATION BY STATE

  Bolivar 

Geopolitical division 
In 1777 it was part of the General Captaincy of Venezuela. In 1856  separates the Territory 
Federal Amazons. In 1864 the County of Guayana passes to call himself state Guayana. In 
1881 taking the name of Great Estado Bolívar. Starting from 1901 it is denominated state Bolivar. You 
it divides in ten municipalities and forty parishes. 

MAP VIAL 
The freeway arrives until Upata, uniting to Ciudad Bolívar, Ciudad Guayana, Puerto Ordaz and 
San Félix. Toward the south a highway takes to Guasipati, Tumeremo, The Callao, The Gilding and Those White. Crossing the Solid Guianese a highway leads to Santa Elena of Uairén and to 
Brazil. Other key roads are that of Caicara from the Orinoco to the west and that of The Paragua and The Manteco, toward the south. 

Basic DATA 
Capital 
City Bolivar. 
Location 
Region of Guayana. 
Limits 
North: Guárico, Anzoátegui, Monagas and Delta Amacuro. 
South: Brazil and Amazons. 
This: Guayana Esequiba and Brazil. 
West: Hurry. 
Surface 
240 528 km2. 
Percentage of the national territory: 
26,24%. it is the entity with bigger surface of the country. 

TOURISM 
It highlights in The Great Savanna the Formation of Tepuyes that  goes from the western riverside of the one river Orinoco until the limits with Guayana Esequiba and Brazil. This natural monument contains more than a hundred tepuyes. The flora includes dwarf forests that don't overcome the 10 meters high, devouring vegetable species, and mortal insects as the ant 24. Here they are 
the gulches: of Jaspey Pacheco, and the jumps: Aponwao, Ángel, the Toad and Kamá. In City 
Bolivar the historical helmet that still maintains the prints of the geste libertadora, the House is 
San Isidro, where Bolivar wrote its Speech of Narrowness, the Museo Etnológico, the Museum of 
Modern art Jesús Soto, Ciudad Bolivar's Museum or  Marries of the Mail of the Orinoco where you 
it published the first newspaper of Venezuela, the Outpost The Zamuro and the Paseo Orinoco with the Mirador of Narrowness. The spas are in Caicara of the Orinoco: Castillero and Maniapure. In Port Ordaz, Raúl Leoni Dams it. In San Félix, the parks: Bicentennial, Cachamay, Loefling, The 
It sprinkles and The Christmas. In City to Tweet, the petroglifos: Cave The Conejero and Cave of the Elephant. And the mines of the Cerro Bolívar. 

Geography 
Geology 
The geologic basement constitutes it the Guianese Shield, of great tectonic stability, with 
characteristic fisiográficas sui géneris, presenting varied and complex relief forms, 
with prevalence of alteration plains, elevations denominated tepuyes and other forms 
geologic of particular specificity. This solid mountainous squatter almost the whole territory of 
the entity. The half altitude is of 400 m.s.n.m., with a south decline to north. It presents great 
variety of geologic formations that group in four big counties: Imataca to the one 
north, The Shepherdess in the center-oriental part, Cuchivero in the center-occident and Roraima to the south. 

Relief 
The relief is varied, with heights that oscillate between the 200 and 500 m.s.n.m., in the riverbanks of the one river Orinoco, until the tepuyes of sharp and abrupt walls, with elevations that overcome 
the 2 800 m.s.n.m. In the southeast  meets the mount Roraima with 2 810 m.s.n.m. that serves 
of border vertex among Venezuela, Brazil and the Area in Reclamation. To the south, the mountains of Maigualida, Aribana, Uaninama and Pacaraima. In The Great Savanna the relief is formed for 
high isolated tables, separated to each other by deep pipes; highlighting the Sierra of Motto and 
the Auyantepuy, where  is the Jump Ángel. To the north the flat lands are located and to the one 
northeast the Sierra of Imataca. 

Climate 
The temperature average is from 26° to 28 °C. Trade winds of the northeast prevail during the one 
period of rain and in trade dry season of the southeast. The pluviosidad is high and variable, and 
they are bigger in reason of the high temperatures than they cause a strong evaporation, 
arriving to the 1 022 mm, annual in Ciudad Bolívar, while in Maripa it ascends at 1 875 mm. 

Hydrography 
It is conformed by seven main basins whose rivers present an enormous flow and 
numerous jumps, highlighting the rivers: Orinoco (half basin and it lowers), Cuyuní (high basin and 
 mediates), Caroní-Paragua, Caura, Hoop, Cuchivero, Parguaza, Guaniamo and Guaiquinima. The 
system hidrográfico is divided in two slopes: the one integrated by the rivers that end in the one 
Orinoco, and those that take their waters to the Cuyuní.  concentrates the biggest reservation national hídrica. Among the streams they highlight: Arutani and Suapure. It has a great potential hidroenergético, which satisfies 84,5% of the national consumption, generated for you dam them Raúl Leoni, Macagua I and Macagua II. 

Vegetation 
Gallery forests and morichales are observed in the riversides of the rivers that cross those 
savannas. In the tepuyes the cloudy forests prevail. In the summits of superior heights 
to the 1 000 m.s.n.m., the savannas prevail. To the south the vegetation is of rainy forest or 
hydrophilic megatérmica, where plants climbers and epifitas are plentiful. This formation is very 
dense, the trees are so high that they can reach the 40 meters. 6 639 have been inventoried 
598 hectares of lands, representing 28% of the surface estadal, of those which 3 451 
239 have. they are susceptible of taking advantage for agricultural activities. 

Fauna 
212 species of mammals have been reported; 1 108 of birds, 133 of reptiles, besides 140 
amphibians. 
In the basin of the river Orinoco 320 species and subspecieses of fish exist; 8% of these 
they correspond fish of commercial consumption, as: curvinata, golden, palometa and zapoara. 

Mineral resources 
They are in the Guianese Shield. They are expressed in iron reservations and of bauxite, pleasures 
auriferous, diamonds, manganese, kaolin, dolomita, titanium, aluminum, manganese and quartz. Those 
locations are located in the hill Bolivar; the auriferous pleasures in The Callao; and the reservations of bauxite in Upata, Nuria, and the serranías The Guaicas and The Pijiguaos. 

Population 
According to figures of the XII General Census of Population and Housing, Bolivar concentrated one 
population of 900 310 hab, being located in the seventh place with regard to the national total; the 
populational density is of 3,8 hab/km2, very below the national average. In the last ones 
three decades it has presented a quite high relative growth: 83,41% for 1971; 
70,74% for 1981 and 34,7 for 1990. This eats consequence of the economic impulse 
generated by the miner-industrial activity. The population concentrates on the municipalities Caroní 
(51,73%), Heres (25,55%) and to Tweet (8,25%). 
The population's evolution is related with the development of the basic industries, 
especially those of the iron, aluminum and electricity, that which one of the balances generates 
migratory more high of the country, directed toward the municipality Caroní. Besides City 
Guayana, highlights other urban centers as: Caicara of the Orinoco, Tumeremo, Guasipati and 
City Bolivar, this last one was the most important until the development of the industrial activity 
in Ciudad Guayana. In this region they settle different ethnic groups: pemones, kariñas and 
yekuanas. 

NATIONAL PARKS 
It has two national parks: Canaima, located in the Guianese Shield, to the Southwest of the one 
state, in the birth of the rivers Caura, Erebato and Ventuari. It occupies 330 000 hectares. And 
Jaua-Sarisariñama, which is to the Southwest of the river Orinoco, in the region of the lands 
high of Guayana, well-known as The Great Savanna.  extends along 3 000 000 of 
hectares. 

Economic ACTIVITY 
The economy is characterized by the prevalence of activities of the secondary sectors and 
third, since the miner-industrial activities have taken to a subutilización of the one 
medium agricultural potential. It is the second producing of yam and of mango of the country. In 
cattle products highlight the bovine livestock. It stands out the importance of the secondary sector, 
highlighting the steel industries of the iron and aluminum as activities of bigger 
relevance, developed by the basic industries of the state, clerks of the Corporation 
Venezuelan of Guayana (CVG). The hydroelectric developments are key in the growth 
of the country and of the state. It is the first entity as for forest production, with 24% of the 
national production. Among the species they highlight: locust, bucare, mahogany, plum tree, crawled, 
guamo and sarrapia. The mass boscosa producer and protector covers 75% of the surface of the one 
state;  understands the Forest Reservations of: Imataca, The Paragua, The Caura and nine Lots 
Boscosos whose objective is to give matter prevails for the timber industry. 

TRADITIONS 
The calipso and the carnival are symbols of the culture of The Callao, and of the state Bolivar. The Callao it is a mining town where they mixed different cultures: Venezuelan, Englishman, 
North American, French and Antillean. Of there rich traditions have arisen, as the calipso and the one carnival. The calipso is a music that  acquired in Venezuela certain peculiarities: refrains 
sung in patois or creole, picaresque letters and narration of local events. The instruments 
that they are used they are: wooden drums, four, maracas, rallos and bells. It highlights, as 
it guides musical of the celebration, the drum bumbac that is loaded with a belt on the one 
shoulder. 
The carnival, based on the cheerful compasses of the calipso, gathers processions of disguises and 
dancers that carry out parades chanting songs. Among the key characters they highlight: those 
Madamas, women that shine handkerchiefs knotted in the head and showy robes to the way 
traditional of the matrons; the Devils, dresses of red and black, exhibit masks 
impressive and with their tridents they open step to the processions, and the Mediopinto, individuals 
that they stroll with their faces and blackened hands and they load paintings to anoint people.